Functional Area Of An Organisation Information Technology Essay

Functional Area Of An Organisation Information Technology Essay There are a variety of functional areas in a structured business enterprise, depending upon its size and nature of service. Here in the Medication management System can be viewed in a broader manner as hospital is not the only one entity. The manufacturer, vendors, receiving staff, prescribing doctors, pharmacists, nurses and the clients are all involved and thus an integrated system is to be ultimately developed which benefits all users of the system at different levels. The information system does mean not only the software, but also the hardware, users and other related systems. So our objective is to identify all the functional areas of the organization as a whole and to develop a cost-effective and efficient system which would minimize the human drug dispensing errors and reduce the mortality rate in turn. For this we need to have a clear understanding about the different systems at different levels like manufacturer, vendor and hospital. Information needs within functional area of an organisation. Organisations have a number of people working together towards a definite objective, although they work in different functional areas. One output of one functional area can be the input of another area and the accurate timely information is necessary to get an error free result. Organisations completely depend on the information systems and advanced technologies which makes them excel and efficient. Functional areas of organisations are defined according to the type and nature of work that is involved in a department. The main functional areas of each and every organisation are listed below: Human Resource: Human resource management is one of the most important yet often underestimated aspects in the organizational operation. It basically is the operating system of the whole organization that makes sure that it run smoothly, coordination and cooperation takes place regularly and finally makes sure that everyone within the organization is satisfied with the working conditions. Superficially, it is supposed to do day to day tasks like recruitment, training payroll processing etc. but actually the scope for HRM is much more than that. Especially in the highly competitive markets of today, they can play a pivotal role in building a highly performing and competitive firm by nurturing and enhancing the skills of the employees and ensuring cooperation. This is a functional area where various personnel who administer and handle the drug are interviewed and selected. Financial Area: This functional area analyses various financial aspects of the employees and keeps track of the accounts receivable and payables. The financial advisors must plan in advance regarding the future financial objectives of the company. In order to achieve the desire profits. The finance department need to maintain the financial records in order to show these accounts while paying the tax. And another key function of finance department is to calculate the salary and payroll system which is the main function of finance department. Accounts are maintained for different vendors for which internal auditors and accountants are employed. Marketing and Sales: In this competitive world the organisation cannot survive without marketing the products. Organisation is investing a huge amount of money in order to market the products through different channels like television, radio and other medias. So that people came to know about the products and will buy the companys products. Nowadays the competition is really high; the companies are forced to give discounts and other promotional activities like holidays and gifts to push their sales. To conclude with, marketing is also a key part in achieving companys objectives. Production: Production is one of the main functional areas of a business organisation. All the products of a business organisation are developing under this functional area. The staffs under this functional area should enquire all the products should develop at the right time and the products have good quality. The organisation should buy good quality raw materials. These raw materials will be stored near to production area. Nowadays most of the productions are automatically with the help of robots and other machines. The operator need to check only the production line is correct or not. Production is also involves preparing items for despatch. The items should packed cleanly and very attractively. In this stage, the bar code system can be incorporated which should specify its batch number, product code/name, packing, lot number, date of manufacture, chemical combination, type of meds, route of administration, dosage.etc Customer Service: Customer service is the one of the most important functional area of organisation. This includes functions like answering the clients enquiries about the product and services, provide well information about the customers need, solving clients problems, Provide service after sales which include replace, repair etc, dealing with the problems of customer, analysis the problems of customer and store these problems etc. Comparison between the functional areas and information needed for each functional area Functional Area Functions and information needed for functional areas Human Resource The main functions of this functional area are recruitment, training, payroll etc. The information needed for this functional area are the information about the employees, their salary, about new vacancies, about new applications, employees in payroll, attendance, absence and overtime detailsetc. . Financial Area The main functions of Financial area are calculate the salary of employees, checking payrolls, recording money received, produce invoices, checking the payments received and chasing the overdue payments etc. In this functional area should have the information about income of company, expense of the company, salary of each and every staff,times sheet of work, attendance and overtime detailsetc. They also need to have the customers bills details, payment received and bills payable details to the vendors. Marketing and Sales The main functions of this functional area are Market the products through different channels like radio, mail television, producing publicity materials of their products such as catalogues etc., designing and promoting the website of company. This functional area should have the information about new trend of market, in what way the company can get maximum product, which is the good way to publish their product in market, in what way the company can improve their sales etc. Production The main functions of this functional area are buying raw materials, storing the raw materials, planning the production schedule, Checking quality of product throughout the production, packing the items cleanly and beautifully, storing the items very safely. The information needed for this functional area are list of available raw materials, Combination formula, Machinery and manpower availability, Quantity of each product to be manufactured which in turn is reported by the feedback from sales and marketing area, product details like batch number, packingetc. Customer Service The main functions of this functional are answering clients enquiries about products, solve clients problems, dealing with the problems of customer, analysis the problems of customer and store these problems etc. This functional area should have the information about what range of customer they have, the customers are satisfied with their product or not, what are the customers need for a particular product etc. Information needed for medical management system The medical management system is a complex system involving the manufacturer, hospital, and the administrator of medicines. Therefore, a well defined data flow has to be clearly identified. Identification of appropriate data that is involved in each system is a key factor for the success of this system. Several data are needed for the proper functioning of the system. First of all, the details about the following are absolutely necessary. 1) Prescription details 2) Product details 3) Patient details 4) Administering persons details. 5) The medical staff 6) The vendors of medicine INFORMATION SYSTEMS Different types of Information Systems An information system is a combination of hardware, software procedures used to generate information which is used to administer and control the day to day activities of users in an organisation. It consists of five categories. A) Office Information Systems (OIS) B) Transaction Processing System (TPS) C) Management Information System (MIS) D) Decision support system (DSS) E) Expert System (ES) Office Information System (OIS) It is a kind of information system that depends on hardware, software and networks to provide communication solutions and working efficiency among a staffs in an organisation. Office Information System is also known as Office Automation. In this kind of an environment the data processing is done electronically instead of manually hard copying it. For example In an organisation with several branches if a new line is released it can be updated through the OIS over the network. If they dont use OIS they would have to manually process it and post it to its branches. Transaction Processing System (TPS) TPS is a form of information system that records and processes transaction done in an organisation on each day. A transaction can be an order, a payment, reservation or a cancellation. TPS generally uses two type of transaction processing. a) Batch Processing b) Online Transaction Processing In a batch processing all the transactions are collected during the day and its processed as a group or a batch at the end of the day. In online Transaction Processing the transaction is processed as soon as it is entered into the system. In batch processing the invoice cannot be generated then and there. But in OLTP the invoices can be generated then and there. Management Information System (MIS) In an organisation various tasks are performed on a day to day basis which involves invoicing, monitoring track progress, generating sales reports etc. An MIS is a kind of information system that generates accurate daily reports. So the authorities of the organisation can monitor and track the overall performance of the company by making decisions, solving problems and watch the track progress. This process is usually done by a type of MIS known as Management Reporting System. For example in an organisation when a sale is done the product which is being sold is first entered into the system, invoice generated and finally the product being deducted from the inventory. These data helps the managers to take decisions in improving the overall company performance. Decision Support System (DIS) A Decision Support System is used to help the staff in an organisation to take decisions when a complicated situation arises. This system collects data from within the organisation and from external sources such as the internet to help the staff in decision making. This information system needs to store huge volumes of data. These data as store in large databases called data warehouses. The data warehouse stores and manages the data required to help the staff in complicated situation. Expert System (ES) In an expert system the machine (computer) collects information and the knowledge from human beings and helps in the decision making process of the people who have less expertise and experience. They mainly use a technology known as AI (Artificial Intelligence). AI is the process of applying human intelligence to computer systems. An AI computer can sends problems and deliver expert opinion by analysing the users previous experience datas aiding to take a decision and complete the task. Office Information System is used to almost all the areas of an organisation wherever administration needs to be done. Transaction Processing System Financial Area Management Information system- HR Decision support Information system- Customer Service Expert System- RD The current trends in using MMS to solve the problems facing HHS As far as healthcare is concerned patient data is the most crucial and sensitive data. In the current situation the patients data is manually entered into a branch where thy walk. If the patient walks into a different hospital the treatment data is either e- mailed or a hardcopy is carried from the previous branch to the new branch. This procedure has some advantages than the old systems. If the patient carrying is carrying a hardcopy the data will not get destroyed or damaged unless carelessly treated by the customer himself. If the customers diagnostic data is e- mailed to the next branch the data will reach the new branch without any hassle and in seconds. In this case the customer need not carry a physical hardcopy of the files. These techniques will help the HHS introducing incomplete reports, wrong medical history and even patient deaths. INFORMATION PROCESSING TOOLS Various Software Tools Text processors Text processors are specific software, which comes as a part of the big software that is used to process documents, prepare presentation, and manipulate accounts and mange a database. One of the famous text processor software is Microsoft Office. It contains Word for document processing, Excel for processing spread sheets, Access for managing databases and Power point for preparing presentations. In an organisation preparing presentations for meetings, issuing invoices to patients, maintain accounts and managing patients database is crucially important. If Microsoft office can be used in such an organisation all these requirements can be met. Databases In medical environment, patient history is very important for the treatment of the patient. In a medical organisation software such as Microsoft Access can be used to store patient information. But Access cannot be used in a network and does not have much functionality and cannot be customised according to the needs of the organisation. In such a case specifically designed software can be used to manage all these functions. Client Server In a hospital there are different departments and functional areas, each requiring its on computer systems. A patient who is being treated for and ailment will be referred from one department to the other. So the staffs need to carry the reports and the data from every department from where the patient was treated as a hardcopy which is a big headache. In that case implementing client server architecture will be beneficial. In this architecture all the computers in every department will be connected to a centralised server which will store all the patients and database records. So if a patient is referred from one department to the other the next department can access the treatment history through the server. For this purpose the server and the clients need to have customised software. Current Information method used in HHS Currently the HHS uses a network blast infrastructure for data management. If a patient walks in to a hospital the patients ID and the treatment procedure is entered on to a system and then the prescription is given. When the patient walks into a different branch the details of the treatment from the previous branch is e-mailed to the new hospital for references. But as this information are stored and processed by computers errors can happen at any time, such as data lose, virus attacks, missing information, and incomplete reports and so on. The doctor who treated the patient primarily will exactly know what the patient is suffering from and about his vital statistics better than the latter one. As data a critical in a hospital these errors can cost a patient his/her life. In earlier times the information was processed as a hard copy which is given to the patient upon the completion of the treatment. If the patient loses this information his life is again at stake. The current proces sing methods need to be refined so that no patients will die in the future due to overdoses or incomplete report. The most modern method Information is very important and critical in todays world. In hospitals barcode technology is taking over the traditional information processing methods. In barcode technology the patient is given a wrist band upon being admitted in the hospital. The wrist band will have a unique patient ID which is in the form of a barcode. I.e. each patient is given a unique barcode. Software will be used to generate the barcode and will store the treatment data and the details of the staff and the doctor who worked with the patient throughout the treatment. The staff of the concern will also carry identification badges which will have unique IDs. When the patient is being given a medication by the staff it will be recorded into the system who gave the medicine, the type of medicine and the time. For this first off all the staff scans and enters their barcode into the machine then the patients barcode and finally the code on the drug. The doctors prescription will be entered into the system before the medicine is given. If there is a change in the medicine the system will sent out distress alarms to prevent misuse of the drug, thereby saving the patient and the staff http://www.teachmebusiness.co.uk/page29/page16/page18/assets/Functionalareas.pdf

Oarland City Jail Closure Illustrates Naive Leadership Essay

The primary job of a city government is to ensure public safety for all its dwellers and visitors. However, the city council has refused to meet or acknowledge this critical and prime responsibility. Instead, it hands subsidies to favored developers. And swelling redevelopment empire, likewise, smothers day-to-day city services. The City of Oakland California jail was closed on July 1, 2005. One year later, the verdict is in: closing the jail was a dumb move. It appears that there are more unfavorable consequences to this city initiative than favorable ones. Hence, the aim of this research proposal is to study the effect or the impact of the closure of the Oakland City jail on communities within the city. Some news items highlighting crime statistics that have occurred in the City of Oakland California were gathered to serve as primary materials for this undertaking. For example, â€Å"Rape was up nearly 12 percent; car thefts and burglaries up nearly 30 percent; robbery up 18 percent — some of it in neighborhoods not accustomed to crime,† reports ABC 7 News (6/12/06); â€Å"Oakland’s murder rate is rising five times faster than the country at large,† (ABC 7 News, 6/12/06); and â€Å"In Oakland, a city of 400,000, the death rate is 25.6 per 100,000 people, four times higher than the national rate of 6.1, according to the Alameda Country Public Health Department report† (Mamberto, October 2, 2006) are indicative of something undesirable are happing in the area. This research paper will seek the affirmation or nullification of this hypothesis statement: The reduction of the Oakland Police Department Fiscal Year budget for Fiscal Year 2005-2007 resulting in the closure of the city jail and subsequent elimination of 89 full-time positions has negative impact on the community’s safety. A correlation of the â€Å"Independent Variable† and â€Å"Dependent Variable† will be designed and structured accordingly from which conclusions will be derived from. Appropriate statistical tools, like, â€Å"sampling techniques,† â€Å"hypothesis testing,† â€Å"measurement of central tendency,† â€Å"descriptive statistics,† â€Å"probability statistics,† â€Å"inferential statistics,† among other, will be used. Data shall come from these sources:   (1) records of the Oakland Police Department (OPD); (2) relevant literature, like, news items from TV, radio and print media; (3) periodicals; and (4) interviews. Introduction One year ago, on July 1, 2004, the Oakland City council closed the city jail. It was labeled a budget-cutting move, for an estimated saving of no more than $3 million per year. A year later, the council just finished spending a $16 million budget surplus. Oakland lost a facility permanently on the basis of fluctuating budget numbers. The jail closure has further crippled police work. OPD officers tell us: The processing time to put a detained or arrested person into the jail has more than doubled from 20 minutes to 45 minutes. In effect, the already understaffed department has lost another several police officers. Criminals are now taken to the County’s Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility, but the sheriffs there are not happy about the increased workload. They use various legal excuses that force Oakland to take the criminal all the way out to the Santa Rita jail. When Oakland had a jail, prisoners with minor health issues could be kept there and provided health care. Without a jail, the County pushes the prisoners to Highland Hospital, where Oakland police must guard them for hours or days. In an interview of some local residents, for example, a 20-year resident of 14th Ave. and E. 27th said she never experienced or witnessed any violent crimes until October of 2005—she witnessed a man stabbed to death in front of her house; another interviewee, a 15-year resident of Grand Street, said his house was burglarized on July 2006 for the first time and a month later his neighbor was robbed at gun point in front of his house. These incidents are no ordinary occurrences in a community whose people expect continued and lasting peace and order as well as public safety. The closure of the Oakland City jail and the resultant elimination of 89 OPD personnel, it seems, have something to do with this apparent serious problem besetting Oakland City today that threatens the social and emotional well being of its residents and visitors. Where are the city council members today who made the decision to close the city jail? Are they informed about or are they reading what are trumpeted by media outlets? Do they listen to affected local residents? Have they realized the consequences of their decision lately? Do they have corrective plans to address the apparently undesirable results of their group decision? Literature Review The news items and results of personal interview of Oakland residents pertaining to the closure of the Oakland City jail will serve as initial sources of research data. Following are summaries of literature review for this undertaking (see complete literature in Appendix A and Appendix B). KTVU Channel (11/22/06) carries a report of violent crime rise of 34.2% in 2006. Oakland city â€Å"still ranks high in† crime category,† reports CRIME (n.d.). This same media reports â€Å"132 murders† committed as of November 2006 by an average age of 28 years old. The rate of killings increased to 21% from 94 in 2005 compared to 88 in 2004 and â€Å"majority of the crimes being committed occur in the East and West parts of the city.† ABC 7 News (July 11) also reports worrying crime occurrences in Oakland having a â€Å"soaring murder rate that’s almost double the number of homicides right now compared to this time last year.† And this demography can reach a â€Å"triple digit rate by end of the year,† if authorities do not start to act today. There is a stark difference of killings this time—victims are younger and their lives were pluck cold-bloodedly along populated alleys of the city. Crime statistics have now reached the attention of national level with the involvement of FBI authorities—this development maybe reassuring to some but the other side of the fence confirms something ugly about the situation. Another ABC 7 News (6/12/06) circulates a headline about Oakland’s rising murder rate to be â€Å"five times faster than the country at large.† The reason attributed in the â€Å"big jump in murder† is â€Å"readily available handguns, gang and drug activity and disrespect for life.† What’s happening? Another disturbing information spread by the media is about rape. This time, it is up nearly 12 percent. Although Oakland police establishment is trying to do something to at least contain the alarming situation including â€Å"saturating high crime neighborhoods,† but the prospect of effective prevention is far from reality. North Gate News (October 2, 2006), likewise, has another corroborating story for the day. Victims are relatively young individuals in their early adulthood of 20 to 24 and victims were identified to be African Americans. There is something contemptible about the figures reported, like, â€Å"45% [of the offenders] were actually under the care of the criminal justice system – either on parole or probation – when the murder occurred.† And why â€Å"80% of violent crimes in the county occur in Oakland or to Oakland residents†? Killings in the area keep rising. And what is really alarming to peace-loving residents of Oakland is the admission that â€Å"We’re in the middle of a public health crisis here . . .† These news items have one thing in common: emphasis on the increasing crime rate in Oakland City after the closure of the city jail. Relevant books, magazines, and professional journals are considered to be reviewed for this research work, too. Methodologies Crime-related research data will be collected from OPD records for the period January 1, 2003 up to December 31, 2005. These crime-related data will be classified and their occurrences will be tabulated statistically using applicable statistical tools, like, descriptive statistics, measurement of central tendency, among other. Statistics made by other entities will be considered; and, thus, are planned to be gathered accordingly. A survey of residents in a West Oakland area is considered—the data to be gathered will be pertaining to their feelings of security and insecurity as well as safety in their area stimulated by recent rise of criminality which is hypothesized to be the result of the closure of the city jail. A specific methodology on: (1) how the research questions are studied, (2) how existing data will be used, (3) how new data generated by the researcher will be incorporated to existing data, (4) how the primary research will be brought to the study, (5) how survey data will be used, and (6) how a sample population will be used, will be developed accordingly prior to the commencement of the research work. A correlation between the independent variable and dependent variable (see below) will be designed and structured accordingly from which conclusion will be derived. The independent variable:    the Oakland Police Department’s Fiscal Year 2005-2007 budget reduction and subsequent elimination of 89 full-time positions (see Table 1) gave rise to the dependent variable; The dependent variable:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a negative effect on the community’s safety. The expected or hypothesized negative impact of the closure of the city jail will be measured through the responses of respondents in a survey about their perceptions on the matter. On the other hand, the community’s safety will also be measured in the same manner as the former through survey made on the residents in which crime statistics are prevalent. Table 1. Full Time Equivalent Position Eliminated # Title/Position Number 1. Watch correction Officer supervisor 5 2. Court correction officer 1 3. Control desk 1 4. Public Representative Service 1 5. Property Correction Officer 3 6. Admitting 2 7. Floor Correction Officer 3 8. Search 4 9. Print Room (1) 3 10. Print Room (2) 3 11. Watch Correction Officer 3 12. Assistant Watch 2 13. Booking Correction Officer 3 14. 1st Floor 3 15. 2nd Floor 36 16. Jail Kitchen staffs 12 17. Jail Utility Workers 4 Total Full Time Equivalent Position Eliminated 89 Results and Findings Table 2 shows an annual data sheet that will be used to capture data from OPD. Table 2.1 is a data sheet that will be used to capture data from OPD which is related to Table 2. Table 3 is a survey question that will capture the individual perceptions of respondents about the effect of the closure of the city jail in their area. Table 4 shows a survey question that will capture the individual perceptions of respondents how they are affected emotionally by the perceived rise of criminality in the area. The data classifications shown below are not limited in themselves, i.e., other data structures are considered upon the approval of the final research proposal. Table 2. Annual data sheet (data to be obtained from OPD) Measures    Metrics from which data are derived Data obtained from OPD (Year 2003) Data obtained from OPD (Year 2004) Data obtained from OPD (Year 2005) (Research) Average processing time to put a detained or arrested person into jail (minutes/arrest) # minutes 45 minutes # minutes Average number of criminals taken to the County’s Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility (#/per month) # per month # per month # per month Average number of criminals taken to Sta. Rita Jail per month # per month # per month # per month Average number of prisoners brought to Highland Hospital per month # per month # per month # per month Average number of guards assigned to guard prisoners brought to Highland Hospital per month # per month # per month # per month Table 2.1 Monthly data sheet (data to be obtained from OPD) Metrics from which data are derived Years, 2003, 2004, 2005    Total    Ave. J F M A M J J A S O N D Average processing time to put a detained or arrested person into jail (minutes/arrest) Number of criminals taken to the County’s Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility (#/per month) Number of criminals taken to Sta. Rita Jail per month Number of prisoners brought to Highland Hospital per month Number of guards assigned to guard prisoners brought to Highland Hospital per month Table 3. Survey question on perception of the effect of the closure of the City Jail Survey question YES NO NOT SURE Do you think the closure of the Oakland City jail is the main cause of the rise of criminality in the area? Table 4. Survey question on how the emotional effect of the perceived rise of criminality in the area       Survey Question          Not affected at all    Mildly affected but do not feel afraid Reasonably affected that I feel afraid being victimized    Affected that I feel constantly afraid being victimized Very affected that it makes me feel nervous most of the time How much are you affected, emotionally (e.g., afraid that I will become a victim of crime) by the rise of criminality in the area? Conclusions and Recommendations: After the completion of the planned activities for the research work and the consolidation of all pertinent information that made up this research, the manner of reporting the research findings and conclusion will be given special consideration considering the contents and scope of the undertaking. After submitting my original research work to my professor, I plan to discuss the results with county officials of Oakland California and hope to be able to convince concerned local county officials to support my recommendation for the reinstatement of the Oakland city jail to its former stature. Appendices The Appendices section will contain graphs and other objects that are integral part of the research. In this Research Proposal, Appendix A contains a list of literature (news items pertaining to the city of Oakland jail closure); while Appendix B contains the results of my personal interview of some of the residents of Oakland city. APPENDIX A – List of Literature (News Items) Pertaining to the City of Oakland California Jail Closure    KTVU Channel –2 news 11/22/06 reported that violent crimes rise 34.2% this year Summary of Part 1 Crime Offenses, 2003 – 2005   Year   Murder Forcible Rape   Robbery Felony Assault   Burglary Total Larceny Auto Theft Total Offenses 1 Year % Change 2003 109 267 2,445 2,762 4,568 12,551 5,511 28,213 -5.56% 2004 82 262 2,190 2,616 4,324 10,984 6,877 27,335 -3.11% 2005 93 293 2,590 2,543 5,646 7,087 8821 27,073 -0.96% www.oaklandnet.com       CRIME www.wikepedia.org Though substantial gains have been made as evidenced from the Uniform Crime Reports published by the FBI, the city still ranks high in California for most categories of crime. In the 2006 Morgan Quitno crime rankings, Oakland is ranked the eighth most dangerous city nationwide. Though it fared better than the California cities of Richmond, and San Bernardino, Oakland is the second most dangerous in California after Compton. As of November 2006, Oakland had 132 murders, with the majority of victims and/or murderers from an African American background and the average age being 28 years old. [14] The murder rate increased 21% from only 94 murders in 2005, compared to 88 murders in 2004 being the lowest number down from 108 killings in 2003. The past few years into the millennium saw the lowest amount of murders, compared to the 1990’s when there were known to be an average of 160 murders in Oakland each year.[15] The majority of the crimes being committed occur in the East and West parts of the city. ABC 7 NEWS Oakland’s Murder Rate Is Soaring Almost Double Last Year At Same Time   By Vic Lee July 11 – KGO – Oakland is dealing with a soaring murder rate that’s almost double the number of homicides right now compared to this time last year. Unless police can slow down the murder spike, the city could face a triple digit murder rate by the end of the year.   The graveyard display next to this church is sobering testimony. There may be more murders, but the profiles of both suspects and victims and the way they die have changed little. The killers and those killed are usually young African American men and the victims’ last breaths were taken mostly on sidewalks. Off. Roland Holmgren, Oakland police spokesman: â€Å"Most of our homicides happen on the streets and most of our homicides happen due to a gun.† Behind the trigger? The usual causes. Drugs and gangs. This year, the face of those gangs is changing. Lt. Ersie Joyner, Oakland police homicide: â€Å"Hispanic gangs are up 20 to 25 percent. The victims are also young male Hispanics.† In 1992, homicides reached record levels in Oakland. By July of that year, 106 people had been murdered, up more than 40 percent from the previous year. City officials considered drastic measures like curfews, street barricades and check points. The FBI and the state attorney general sent help to Oakland police. Likewise, federal narcotics agents have now joined forces with Oakland police who are now targeting high crime areas. Off. Roland Holmgren, Oakland police spokesman: â€Å"This strategic area command gives command the flexibility to move officers throughout the city to attack hot spots.† That strategy appears to be paying off with other crimes like rapes and domestic violence. Police have a problem in solving these crimes, which is common in other cities as well, and that’s the reluctance of witnesses to come forward. The city of Oakland is just 23 shy of last year’s record for the entire year. ABC 7 News 6/12/06 Oakland’s murder rate is rising five times faster than the country at large. What’s the reason for the big jump in murder? Law enforcement cites readily available handguns, gang and drug activity and disrespect for life. Other crimes in Oakland showed big increases too. Rape was up nearly 12 percent; car thefts and burglaries up nearly 30 percent; robbery up 18 percent — some of it in neighborhoods not accustomed to crime. Oakland police are trying a number of different strategies to fight crime including saturating high crime neighborhoods with police as they did this weekend. North Gate News Online – Reporting by the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism Murders Go Up and Oakland Tries to Understand Why By Carola Mamberto , October 2, 2006 09:56 AM OAKLAND — As murders continue to plague the streets of Oakland – Most killings took place in the West Oakland and Elmhurst neighborhoods, and often did not have a known motive, although the police department believes they were mainly gang-related. The highest rate of murders was among 20 to 24 year olds. Victims were mainly African American (77%), as were suspects (63%). The average age of suspects was 28 years. The majority of them were not employed anywhere: 45% were actually under the care of the criminal justice system – either on parole or probation – when the murder occurred. â€Å"Violent homicide and suicide take the lives of more than 50,000 people in the United States each year, and are the third and fourth leading causes of death for people under 39 years of age. In Oakland, a city of 400,000, the death rate is 25.6 per 100,000 people, four times higher than the national rate of 6.1, according to the Alameda Country Public Health Department report. More than 80% of violent crimes in the county occur in Oakland or to Oakland residents. Murders are up 21% from last year: so far there have been 20 more killings in the city compared to September 2005. â€Å"We’re in the middle of a public health crisis here, it’s very important that we look at the problem in a more comprehensive way and start addressing the root causes of violence rather than its consequences,† said Beyers. â€Å"It’s all about thinking of it as a preventable disease,† he said. So far, the City of Oakland has adopted a mixed strategy to curb violence, combining tough enforcement with more prevention-oriented projects. In 2004, voters passed the Measure Y which sought $19.9 million a year for crime prevention, parolee jobs, youth programs and 63 new police officers, all paid through increased parking fees and a 10-year annual parcel tax. The measure is still far from being implemented, city officials say, mainly because of staff shortages, especially within the Oakland Police Department. This summer, as murder rates spiraled, police unveiled a plan to trace the city’s 100 most violent residents.    APPENDIX B – Results of Personal Interview with Local Residents of Oakland City (A Prime Research Data)    Following are the results of my personal interview with some of the local residents of Oakland City, California: Mr. Yoichai who is a formal prison guard expressed anger over the closed of the jail, as a result of the closure he lost his job. Mr. Pace & Mr. Bunger who were Correction Officers that lost their job as a result of the jail closure. These two gentlemen explains that as the result of the jail closure, not enough officers patrolling the streets because most officers are spending a lot of time on the freeway stuck in traffic ( during heavy traffic hour) trying to transport arresters to the Alameda County Jail. Once they get their they have to await longer than the Oakland City Jail.   Investigators have to go all the way to the County Jail to interview inmates versus where they can just walk to the Oakland City Jail and get it done quicker and more convenience.   Also the cost of gas, wear & tear of vehicles and overtime pay for those officers who get stuck on freeway and for officers who have to stay late or come in early while other officers are stuck on freeway. Mrs. Lauder who lives in 14th Ave and E. 27th for 20+ years and never experience or witness and violent crimes until October of 2005.   She witnessed a man was stabbed to death in front of her house. Mr. Pardoza who lives on Grand Street for 15+ years his house for the first time was   burglarized on July 2006 and a month later his neighbor was robbed at gun point in front of his house    Bibliography ABC 7 News (6/12/06). Bennis, W. (1989). On Becoming a Leader. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Bowerman, B. L. & O’Connell, R. T. (2003). Business Statistics In Practice. (3rd Ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. Brill, P. L. & Worth, R. (1997). The Four Levers of Corporate Change. New York: American Management Association (AMACOM). Cohen, A. (1993). The Portable MBA in Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CRIME. www.wikepedia.org Juran, J. M. & Godfray, A. B. (Eds.) (1999). Juran’s Quality Handbook. (5th Ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill. KTVU Channel (11/22/06). 2 news reported that violent crimes rise 34.2% this year. www.oaklandnet.com. Lee, V. (July 11, 2006). Oakland’s Murder Rate Is Soaring Almost Double Last Year At Same Time.  ABC 7 NEWS. Mamberto , C. (October 2, 2006). Murders Go Up and Oakland Tries to Understand Why. North Gate News Online – Reporting by the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism: Oakland. Noe, Raymond A., Hollenbeck, John R., Gerhart, Barry, & Wright, Patrick M. (2000). Human Resource Management Gaining a Competitive Advantage (3rd Ed.). Boston, MA: Mc-Graw Hill. Scholtes, P. R. (1998). The Leader’s Handbook Making things Happen, Getting Things Done. New York: McGraw-Hill. Zand, D. E. (1997). The Leadership Triad Knowledge, Trust, and Power. New York: Oxford University Press.

Power of Irony in Literature Essay - 1243 Words

Strictly speaking, irony is simply a discordance or incongruity of facts. It arises when a discrepancy occurs between what a person says and what he does . Chua, in his Enjoying Fiction discusses that there are three forms of irony that exist in literature. These are the verbal, situational and dramatic ironies. When used properly, the irony as an element of fiction not only arouses the interest of the readers but also supplements the message that the author intends to translate. There are several literary works that epitomize the proper and exquisite use of irony. If we consider dramatic irony, the most appropriate example to attest to what irony can do to a literary work if used effectively, is Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex.†¦show more content†¦The story revolves around a lottery, an annual lottery that is witnessed by the entire town. Mr. Summers has been for many years the administrator of this activity and through the years he carried this black box, now no longer blac k, a victim of time, that contained what used to be wooden chips but have been replaces by paper slips. For many years, Mr. Summers had attempted to replace this wooden box, but he lived in a town that did not want to upset tradition [5]. In the end, we find out that it is no ordinary lottery. The winner does not receive a prize of any sort, instead we find out that the winner has to be stoned to death. The story closes with a boy stoning his mother to death [70-78]. First, we have to analyze how the irony was developed in the story. Jackson, by painting a rather harmless ambience, as I said earlier, misleads the reader to believing that the theme of the story is relatively light, the reader through this strategy will be unable to anticipate such a twisted ending. She supplements this by using a relatively light tone through her story. Even at the ending, her descriptions are straightforward and light but the mood that it ensues is haunting and gloomy. This sort of approach fed the situational irony reach to its highest level, making it stand-out and even exemplify the â€Å"power† of the story. There also several messages that the Jackson wishesShow MoreRelatedJane Austens Influence in the Romantic Period958 Words   |  4 PagesVictorian era served as a transition between the Romantic period and the literature of the twentieth century† (Victorian Literature.). During this Era, writers constructed stories that criticized societal, economical, religious, and philosophical believes of the time. â€Å"Much of Victorian literature criticized the increased industrialization of the world, and on the other hand, the deterioration of the rural lifestyle† (Victorian Literature.). There were also conflicts between the different classes, becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin895 Words   |  4 PagesIrony and Foreshadowing in Story of an Hour In the short story, Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin chronicles the short journey of a woman who has recently learned of the death of her husband from a railroad accident. Kate Chopin is known for her stories which revolve around women and the world from their perspective, and Story of an Hour is no exception. As a writer, Chopin utilizes and employs many rhetorical devices to add emotion and depth to her world. Though Story of an Hour is riddled with rhetoricalRead MoreAnimal Farm And Fahrenheit 4511020 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"central government†. When citizens of these societies fail to stand up and protect their rights, authority figures will keep increasing their level of aggressiveness until it ruptures the society. When the authorities in these novels abuse their power, it fractures the society and greatly increases corruption. Orwell and Bradbury both did a tremendous job in developing the characters and the overall setting to help the reader understand the important message of the story. In Animal FarmRead MoreUse of Irony in Literature1051 Words   |  4 PagesIrony is best defined as the usage of words in a way that is the exact opposite of their literal meaning. There are various forms of irony, including situation irony, in which people or things act the opposite that one would expect them to act in a given situation, or in which certain ideas are contrasted with those that are their exact opposite. Situation irony is readily demonstrated in William Saffords Travelling through the Dark, Henry Reeds Naming of Parts, and Gary Sotos Behind GrandmasRead MoreFor the Love of God, Poe! Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pageseyes, the power of the dead over the power of the living, retribution, the human conscience, and especially death and murder. From his disturbingly morbid short story â€Å"The Tel ltale Heart† to the mysteriously supernatural poem â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s tales are a direct byproduct of the mayhem experienced in his life, as well as his (arguably) psychologically-tormented mind. Though all of this author’s pieces are very rich in elaborate themes, motifs, and especially fantastically blatant irony, one particularlyRead MoreThe Themes Of Saki And Frosts The Interlopers By Robert Frost910 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"There is more power in unity than division.† -Emanuel Cleaver (â€Å"Unity Quotes†) Cleaver’s idea is embraced by many, and supported by Saki and Robert Frost in their respective stories. â€Å"The Interlopers†, written by Saki, pits the two main characters against the struggle of generational hate. Ulrich von Gradwitz and Georg Znaeym were raised to hate each other, and on one night, both men set out in quest of their human enemy. Robert Frost’s â€Å"Mending Wall† centers arou nd two neighbors, one with pinesRead MoreFrom Behind The Veil Analysis1009 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Eastern Literature Essay â€Å"There was something about her, a certain strength of purpose and character, which confused him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Ayyoub 101). This excerpt from the short story â€Å"From Behind the Veil,† written by Dhu’l Nun Ayyoub, displays how differently people treat their beliefs. This story, along with an essay, â€Å"A Portrait of Egypt,† written by Mary Anne Weaver, discusses the topic of Egypt and how their past has developed today’s culture. Beliefs tend to portray people depending on how theyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ozymandias 1512 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many critical reviews of this poem; however, the profound sense of irony that is conveyed is the one that resonates the greatest. Irony, as used in literature, is defined as, â€Å"a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated† (â€Å"Irony†). In Ozymandias, Percy Shelly used complex phrasing, irony, and the primal power of nature to characterize the collapse of the Ramses II empire. A traveler relatingRead MoreSymbolism In The Fault In Our Stars1014 Words   |  5 Pagesis very frequent in real life and in literature. Mainly when it comes to diseases like cancer. Diseases are a way to drive a plot, link in a theme and draw in symbolism. In The Fault in Our Stars, one of the main characters ,Augustus Waters, lost his leg to a bone type cancer. Even with successful treatment, his cancer still manages to get worse and unfortunately leading him to his death. His death is reflective of the principles governing disease in literature because his treatments was working perfectlyRead MoreSatire of a Modest Proposal Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesIrony is a beautiful technique exercised to convey a message or call a certain group of people to action. This rhetorical skill is artfully used by Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† The main argument for this mordantly ironic essay is to capture the attention of a disconnected and indifferent audie nce. Swift makes his point by stringing together a dreadfully twisted set of morally untenable positions in order to cast blame and aspersions on his intended audience. Jonathan Swift’s

Informal Learning - 926 Words

Informal Learning The fear of heights or acrophobia seems to be a normal fear for those afflicted with it. It would seem that this fear is a basic way to protect ourselves from falls that could do serious harm. This fear is not universal, and luckily so. We would have many unclean windows on skyscrapers and our electric lines would be out of repair or nonexistent. This paper will look at the informal learning experience that can bring about acrophobia. Informal learning is an undirected form of learning that does not take place under an instructor or in a class room. It is generally unconscious and difficult to quantify. Focusing on acrophobia, the idea that heights are dangerous is all-around us. There are signs around us†¦show more content†¦We have a degree of understanding at birth that heights can be harmful. Once you show that you can fall from a height we see the possible outcome fear is instilled. Now the conditioned stimulus of the tree shows that heights are bad and can hurt you and the conditioned response is fear. If we apply the same scenario to operant conditioning we will see that the same education could occur. If every time I climbed a tree, I fell out and hurt myself or saw someone else get hurt I would associate heights with falling and become scared of heights. The operant in this scenario is the climbing. A great deal of our learning falls under the cognitive-social learning theory. I observed my friend fall from the tree and it did show that heights can be dangerous. I knew that they were ,but it needed reinforced. Through observational learning I was engaged in the activity at the time so attention was being paid, and because of the shock of the incident retention was achieved. I saw that reproduction could only occur if I were back at a height able to hurt me and the fact that it could not if I did not climb the tree anymore was reinforcement. In the end I learned to be cautious around heights because you can hurt yourself severely if you are not careful. I went through a time where I was very scared of heights but got over it byShow MoreRelatedFormal Learning And Informal Learning Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesLearning is the process of gaining knowledge about various issues that affects our lives and wellbeing. The learning takes place each and every day of our lives at any place and time. There are two ways in which learning takes place. There is the formal learning and informal learning. In most cases, the formal learning is got from various learning institutions which indeed have set rules and regulations on how the running takes place. Various tests are set to help in gauging whether the student isRead MoreFormal versus Informal Learning Essay2022 Words   |  9 PagesFormal and Informal Learning environments for employees Structured and programmed training venues are designed to equip the employee, supervisor, and manager with the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to startup, maintain, and improve services and products provided to general public on a global scale. Formal training is generally the focus of most organizations when discussing the return on investment in the form of revenue generation or in the case of governments, efficiency in utilizingRead MoreInformal Learning Experience734 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Informal Learning Experience Objective The objective of this study is to examine an informal learning experience such as how someone might have a fear of height or how a particular food or smell moves the individual emotionally or why someone develops the fear of elevators. For the purpose of this study the reason an individual would fear public speaking is examined and the importance of informal learning for gaining experience and confidence in public speaking. Informal Learning I. The informalRead MoreHow Will Learner Centered Designs Bridge The Gap Between Formal And Informal Learning?977 Words   |  4 Pages How Will Learner-Centered Designs Bridge the Gap Between Formal and Informal Learning? Laura Maltagliati, Lisa Nowacky, Reece Tamaye University of Hawaii Maui College How Will Student-Centered Designs Bridge the Gap Between Formal and Informal Learning? Technological advances in the 21st century have changed the world of education forever. The refinement of web-based technology has allowed a growing number of institutions to offer increasingly complex online education coursesRead MoreImportance Of Informal Assessments On Students Learning With Learning, And Expanded Scholarly Accomplishment922 Words   |  4 Pagesconnected with large amounts of student self-viability, profound ways to deal with learning, and expanded scholarly accomplishment (Alkharusi, 2015). Informal assessments is a technique for acquiring data that can be utilized to make judgments about students learning conduct and attributes or projects utilizing means other than standardized methods. I will guide the teacher to using the exiting card approach. Exit cards are a speedy evaluation instrument that instructors can use to bring awarenessRead MoreWomen s Bargaining Power Within The Household Sphere1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe wider public sphere (1) An opportunity to choose Informal employment is the active choice of women which accords women empowerment of making life choices. Choice theory supported this view that informal employment as a humanistic approach to employment for women gives women a new alternative to the traditional male labor market, which reduces the incoordination between work and family for women. (Weller and Serow, 1985) Attending informal work is the active choice of women. Conversely, someRead MoreInformal Group Within an Organisation6002 Words   |  25 PagesQUESTION: Identify an informal group in an organisation. Interact with group members and get their views on the group set up, group members roles and functions, level of achievement of group goals, challenges facing group cohesiveness/ division in group leader-group member relationship. Informal Groups within an Organisation :( a case study of hospital) Abstract Organizations contain formal groups which have been put into place by the specific tasks, in order to further the aims of the organisationRead MoreBasic Concepts Of Organization Design1497 Words   |  6 Pageschanges cause organizational problems within the structure. Formal and informal organizations: â€Å"A formal organization can be a system of coordinated activities in which groups of people work cooperatively under authority and leadership toward a common goal. Formal structure has the added value of providing people with a sense of security† (Armstrong, 2012). â€Å"An informal organization always exist alongside the formal one. Informal organizations help the organization to achieve its aims. On occasionsRead MoreLeadership Behavior2436 Words   |  10 Pagesmust make the consequences for the individual positive 5. Identify at least five of the â€Å"do and don’t† tips for building employee self-efficacy. 1. Plenty of practice so mastery (as defined by the training objectives) is reached. 2. Break learning into series of obtainable endpoints to helpself-confirmation of skills. 3. Provide feedback on progress (not shortfalls) and contributions 4. Carefully select models used in the training to have similar characteristics as the trainees. 5Read MoreInformal Organization And Recognizing Signs Of Trouble865 Words   |  4 PagesInformal Organization Recognizing Signs of Trouble Goldsmith and Katzenbach (2007) review ways that individuals can improve their job performance through the utilization of informal connections and exchanges. Bartolomà © (1993) endorses management recognition of potential subordinate problems that could lead to larger crises. This journal entry will discuss the ways in which organizational learning and effectiveness can be impacted by informal organization and early discernment of problems by managers

The Soviet Union Was A Totalitarian State - 909 Words

George Orwell once said â€Å"Big Brother is watching you.† This simple, yet seamless, quote can summarize the government’s rule that once cast a thick cloud over the Soviet Union. John Scott’s recounts prove that the Soviet Union had absolute control over the freedom, will, and thoughts of all the people that inhabited the domain. Through hardship, lack of supplies, poor working conditions, and the mistrust of the soviet people, I believe the Soviet Union was a Totalitarian State. A Totalitarian Regime exercises control over all political, social, and economical activities in a nation. When John Scott left the United States he didn’t take this into consideration. He was a young ambitious man whose nation was in the midst of a great depression, and he wanted out. When he caught wind that the Soviet Union had nearly a 100% employment rate, he wanted to be a part of that 100%. When he left the US, destined for the Soviet Union, he stopped in German y and was setback by the amount of healthy men out of work who were living with their parents (4). This opened his eyes, making him realize the depression was taking its toll on the world as a whole, not just the United States. Finally, after becoming legal in the Soviet Union, John Scott landed a job constructing Furnaces at Magnitogorsk (5). Magnitogorsk was a massive industrial city that was held at the mercy of the Totalitarian Regime in charge of the Soviet Union. Many people at Magnitogorsk were felons, peasants,Show MoreRelatedNineteen Eighty Four : A Warning For The Future1123 Words   |  5 PagesNineteen Eighty-Four, WWII was just coming to an end. The late 40’s was also the start of the Cold War. The Cold war brought along much fear of communist governments, such as the Soviet Union, becoming a world power. Orwell was one of the people who feared a dictatorship coming to power. He wanted to warn the population of what could happen if a totalitarian governmen t became a world power. In order to do such a thing, Orwell decided to write a book. The book he wrote was Nineteen Eighty-Four, it isRead MoreThe Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the 1930s as Totalitarian States1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the 1930s as Totalitarian States A totalitarian state usually refers to a country in which the central government has total control over almost all aspects of peoples life. Main features include an infallible leader, one-party rule, elitism, strict party discipline, purges against enemies and political dissidents, planned economy, strong armaments, indoctrination, encouragement of nationalism, an official doctrine that everybody has Read MoreWorld War II : A Totalitarian Government Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessystem behind many countries. The totalitarian form of government began with the reign of Joseph Stalin, the dictator of The Soviet Union, and Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. A totalitarian government is known as a society that is run by a dictator, but not all dictatorships are from a totalitarian government (4.). Those living in a totalitarian society have little to no freedom and are controlled by the government. Another word to refer to the totalitarian government system is the word fascismRead MoreNazi Germany And The Soviet Union Under The Rule Of Adolf Hitler1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the country s use of technology, propaganda, and horror. A totalitarian government tries to not only control all political and economic factors, but also the values, attitudes, and ideas of its overall population, eradicating the existing society with a utopian one. Many totalitarian methods, however, have distinguished ideological intentions. For example, the states most generally characterized as totalitarian are the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and Nazi Germany under the rule of Adolf HitlerRead MoreA Totalitarian State Of The Soviet Union1552 Words   |  7 Pages A totalitarian state gave the government all of the power over society and seeks control over every aspect in regard of it citizens whether public or private which originated in the year of 1923. Germany, Italy, Soviet Union, and Spain all were totalitarian states at once upon time. Totalitarian states all begun with the most powerful, crucial leaders to date. All of the leaders have something in common, they all wanted power. They all realized that with power comes great responsibility, they gaveRead MoreFrom the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesIt was not until after World War I that Russia began to un dergo a series of changes. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, the former Russian empire that had existed from 1721 up until then collapsed, and the Soviet Union was introduced. The geographic renaming of Russia from the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union also brought about many gradual changes. There were also changes in religion, as the new government replaced the role of the Orthodox Church. There was an increase in nationalism becauseRead MoreDramtic Changes in the Soviet Union After Stalins Death1181 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the history of the Soviet Union, extreme control by the government has been a defining factor in how the country is run. Totalitarianism has been an easy way to classify the Stalinist government under the state. When Stalin died the state dramatically changed. Through the Khrushchev and Brezhnev periods the USSR did not remain a totalitarian state. Under Stalin existed a totalitarian state. Totalitarianism is define as a state that has an official ideology, mass party rule, terroristic policeRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Soviet Union1451 Words   |  6 PagesSobolev, A One of the most revolutionary historical events in the 20th century was the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991. The dissolution of the USSR was at the time, not immediately foreseen nor expected. There was neither a civil war nor people’s revolution in a military coup that stormed the King’s castle. The only very evident factor, however, was that the economy of the Soviet Union preceding its dissolution was in free fall to be eventually coined the Era of Stagnation. But an economyRead MoreThe Soviet Union During World War II1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe Soviet Union played an important role in the events of the 20th century in both direct and indirect ways. The rise of the Soviet Union by the end of the Russian Revolution played a significant role in the way that World War I played out; it played a crucial role in the defeat of Nazi Germany during World War II. It was the formidable rival of the United States during the Cold War, during which every action it to ok was viewed with angst by the West. With the level of influence the Soviet UnionRead MoreJoseph Stalin Essay example1133 Words   |  5 PagesJoseph Stalin, whose real name is Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, was born on December 21, 1879 in the small town of Gori, Georgia. His family was poor and he was the only child of four to survive. His father was a shoemaker. He was a heavy drinker and died from wounds in a brawl when Stalin was 11 years old. His mother was a pious and hardworking woman. She wanted her son to have a good life so she entered him into priesthood. He attended elementary school run by the Orthodox Church and went

Fight On Free Essays

Heritage Hall is filled with retired jerseys, trophies and game balls. Over the past 125 years, Cuss’s football team has fielded more Hessian trophy winners than any other school with seven. 37 of its players has been elected and enshrined in the College Football Hall Of Fame. We will write a custom essay sample on Fight On or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this hallow hall also stands Cuss’s 11 National championship trophies; with its last trophy in 2004. The dim lights enshrined memorabilia and revered site all adds to the game day experience. From Heritage Hall, the next stop is the Grand Old Lady or commonly referred to as ‘The Coliseum†. Outside the Coliseum is the diehard, devoted fan base. At 7 am the parking lot is filled with diehard fans that come early to tailgate prior to the game. As you make your way to the entrance of the Coliseum the spices and smell of perfectly seasoned food attacks your senses. You can’t help but notice the camaraderie and friendships formed while the alcohol flows. It is in the parking lot you see the dedication and years of loyalty displayed by its fans. In the front row nearest to the stadium stands the most dedicated fan. An older man, scruffy looking stands next to his Winnebago. He is dressed in the traditional garbs for the day. His Winnebago is covered from front to back in Cardinal and Gold; from his speakers blares the schools song ‘Aught On’. Walking by he gives you the greeting of the day ‘Fight on’ and talks about the upcoming slaughter that is to commence shortly. Following the steady flow of fans you start to take in the beauty and craftsmanship in the construction of the stadium. The architect spared no expense in the details of this finely designed piece of modern history. At the entrance of this modern Art Deco inspired stadium stands two bronze statues o commemorate â€Å"Olympic Gateway†. Looking around, the stadium features long horizontal lines that flow as smooth as the Mississippi River. The curves and portholes reminiscent of woman’s body pay tribute to the old Greek and Roman style. The closer you get to the stadium you begin to hear the roar of the crowd. The stadium trembles as 93,000 Cardinal and Gold clad fans chant and cheer for their favorite football team. Down on the sideline is Tommy Trojan and his majestic white steed Traveler. Next to them is the beautiful USC ‘Song Girls’ as they await the team’s entrance into the stadium. In the North Tunnel you can see the team walking toward the field. Hand and Hand the players march as one team. U-S-C, U-S-C chants are deafening as they run out onto the field escorted by Tommy Trojan and the Song Girls. Seeing the players trotting onto the field the fans are riled up into a frenzied state. At that moment the Spirit of Troy Marching Band strikes up to the tune of Seven Nation Army. The crowd responds by singing along. You can see the fear in the opponent’s eyes as they await their fate. After all the prename festivities, kickoff has finally arrived. Tommy Trojan and Traveler make their way to mid field. His armor is clean, on the brightest day you can see your reflection. With precision and accuracy he swings his blade. His movements are flawless his blade slices thru the air like a hot knife thru butter and with authority he buries his sword deep into the field. It’s game time! As the game goes on the crowd is fully engaged. With every tackle, catch; you hear the crowds JOSH and SHAHS. When USC scores a touchdown the crowd becomes chaotic, like animals that has tasted blood and is awaiting the final kill. High fives and hugs are seen around the stadium. It is a good day, from the opening kickoff to the final sound Of the game a USC Game produces on every level. From the history viewed thru the glass at Heritage Hall to the prename festivities at the Coliseum USC Football games are one for the history books. The dedication of an overwhelming fan base; plus the high expectations makes for an outstanding game day atmosphere. The fans, traditions and championships makes the University of Southern California Football game the ultimate game day experience. How to cite Fight On, Papers

Innovation is not Business As Usual Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Innovation is not Business As Usual. Answer: Introduction Innovation managementis a process that is associated with the change management. However, innovation is not only a business it refers to the improvement of the existing idea and knowledge of the individuals (Dangelico et al. 2017). On the other hand, by providing innovative idea the business owner is not able to get success. However, besides innovation, other elements like market analysis, competitors' analysis and demand of the target audience are necessary for any business. Therefore, for a successful business innovation, there should be the resemblance between the new and existing product and the innovation should be customer oriented. This literature review will focus on the innovation in the context of George Weston Food in Australia. This organization is a well-known food manufacturer in Australia. Hence, the purpose of such study is to understand the proper innovation process and the consequences of the innovation process associated with this organization. Moreover, the driver s of product innovation will be critically analyzed in this literature review. Identification of the business context and drivers of product innovation George Weston Food Limited is one of the popular Australian food manufacturers and it is associated with the development of British food and diversified international foods. However, they offer the high quality product to the customers. Processed meat is one of the innovative items of such organization. They have started to provide processed meat to the customers on special occasion. Providing fresh and processed meat is a new innovation of such organization (Weston.ca 2017). Four key drivers are associated with the business innovation including inventor, entrepreneurs, and extreme individual and super mentors. However, the inventor brings the new idea for the product innovation in an organization. Hence, by using the natural talent the inventor absorbs information and nurtured it. Entrepreneurs manage the creativity that is associated with new ideas. However, the team members come with the new ideas to their managers and the manager encourages them by accepting their ideas and by providing them reward that leads the employees to develop more innovative ideas (Zaefarian et al. 2017). On the other hand, the extreme individuals are associated with the building relationship with the team members in an organization. A strong relationship between the employees in an organization boosts the creativity of a team associated with some new ideas (Rodrguez et al. 2017). Moreover, the super mentor creates a good culture for the innovation as cultural change leads the innovation to be more regular within an organization. However, in the context of George Weston Food super mentor is required to give shape their innovation by establishing a good culture in this organization. This will allow the organization to gain success by offering the processed meat during the occasion, which is their new innovation. Development and the implementation of the product Development and implementation of a new product consisting of various stages that need to follow and maintain properly by an organization. In the context of George Weston Food, they are going to innovate processed meat by reducing the sodium from the meat. According to the WHO it is essential for the food industry to reduce sodium content from the food and make it healthy (Zaefarian et al. 2017). In order to give shape their new idea, it is important to use the latest technology to design the new product according to the need of the target market. Best practices should be incorporated to develop the new products (Hu and Zhou 2017). Apart from this establishment of the collaborative learning culture within the organization is crucial for the development of the product. In order to develop and implement a new product involvement of strategy is essential. Definition of the product features and development of the pricing is necessary for the implementation of the innovative product. Different groups are involved as for example both internal and external stakeholders are associated with the implementation and development of the new product (Zhan et al. 2017). Internal stakeholders refer to the employees and external stakeholders refer to the clients and the audit agency. In the context of George Weston Food, they want to offer processed meat thus the external agency needs to carry out an inspection about the reduction of sodium from the meat as processed meat should be sodium free. Therefore, the internal stakeholders that are the employees are associated with the development of the new products by creating the proper strategy. On the other hand, George Weston Food want to innovate their product during the Christmas occasion thus a proper market research is required in order to identify the current demand of the target market during thi s occasion. The cost of the entire innovation process is $45 million as the development of processed sodium free processed meat requires high investment. Positive and negative impact of the product innovation in context of George Weston Food Product innovation is associated with the business growth for any industry. However, innovation may bring positive and negative effect on the business performance (Mamun 2017). In the context of George Weston Food Ltd., they are going to innovate sodium free processed meat for the Christmas Eve. This innovative idea will lead the business organization to maximize their sales revenue generation during this occasion. However, people are health conscious in the recent years and they want to get ready and healthy food materials that are easy to cook (Wu and Wang 2017). Hence, sodium free processed meat can satisfy the target market in the context of George Weston Food Ltd. Such innovation in the product feature will attract the customers towards this product and leads this organization to gain competitive advantages in the global market. On the other hand, development and implementation of the new product will improve the brand image of such organization and customer loyalty as well as i t also increases the customer numbers in this particular occasion. Innovation often leaves the negative effect on the organization if the operation during the innovation is not maintained properly (Cui and Wu 2016). In the context of George Weston Food Ltd., they are going to develop sodium free processed meat. However, reduction of sodium from the food is associated with the increased cost that may enhance the production cost of such organization. Hence, high cost during the production leads the organization to face loss in their business. For every business organization, it is important to develop the specific innovative idea that is cost effective otherwise it may hamper the growth of a business. Therefore, innovation should be current market oriented (Zaefarian et al. 2017). However, if George Weston Food innovates their product without detecting the demand of the current market then it will be too hard to them to achieve success through this innovation. This organization will face huge loss through their innovation due to lack of proper market research. Apart from this high cost of the processed meat during the Christmas can decrease the sale of the organization as people want the quality product with low price. Hence, due to high production cost, it is difficult for this organization to give the discount in their product sale, which affects their business. Identification of the consequences during product innovation Product innovation leads the organization to face major changes in their production. However, both negative and positive outcomes are generated during the innovation of the product (Jean et al. 2014). In the context of George Weston Food Ltd., they want to innovate processed meat that is completely sodium free in nature. This innovation is associated with the high production cost. As a result, such organization needs to invest more in such innovation, which brings changes in their budget plan for production cost. Hence, it can be demonstrated that innovation is not a business as to give shape an innovative idea a huge investment is required in the production. Therefore, the proper market analysis is another vital area related to the innovation (Mamun 2017). George Weston Food limited is going to launch sodium free processed meat during the Christmas Eve. Hence, it is important for such organization to develop new strategy and skills to carry out a proper market research to understand the current demand (Ngo and O'cass 2013). For this reason, this organization needs to incorporate new strategy and recruit newly skilled staffs for market research and the existing staffs also try to improve their skill to generate the innovative idea. This leads the organization to achieve competitiveness in the market and high sales revenue. Therefore, use of modern technology brings changes in the existing system and the operation cost for the innovation of new products. From the above consequences it can be justified that innovation of a product is not a business it is the creativity and it triggers changes in an organizational culture and system that influences the existing process and growth of an organization. Conclusion The current piece of work reveals a brief overview regarding the product innovation in the context of George Weston Food Ltd. According to me, innovation is not only a business strategy but also a creative work that is done by the employees through improving their existing skills. On the other hand, innovation makes changes in the existing system and strategy of an organization by encouraging the staffs towards the product development. Hence, it can be said that innovation is a process of improvement of the business, product and the skill of the employees. Regarding me, innovation may leave the positive and negative effect on the organization. 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