Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Apple - Essay Example Apple adheres to the best expectations of social obligation and moral direct and furthermore needs their providers to do likewise. The business lead of Apple states four essential practices: Honesty, Respect, Confidentiality and Compliance. All professional interactions ought to be led with genuineness and morals. All the associates in the whole administration ought to be treated with deference. Private data about the organization and its clients must be secured. All the business choices should consent to relevant laws and guidelines. Apple rehearses best expectations of morals in the entirety of its undertakings. The representatives must not include in any sorts of debasement, pay off, blackmail so as to get any favorable position. All their business exercises ought to be recorded in subtleties and be revealed with no modifications. Mysterious grumble the executives component ought to be actualized to assist laborers with detailing about work environment complaints. All licensed inn ovation rights and secrecy of client data ought to be regarded. The providers of Apple are required to make safe workplace for the laborers, approach them with deference and respect and utilize ecological benevolent practices, any place Apple item are made or their administrations are given. To survey the consistence to these sets of principles, Apple performs shock reviews to the provider units and the provider is found to disregard the measures, it will imperil the business relationship. As per the Supplier Code of Conduct, the provider ought not separate any laborer on the grounds old enough, handicap, sex, race, religion, sexual direction, and so forth. The work spot ought to be liberated from a wide range of disturbances and dangers. Providers must guarantee that all the laborers are chipping away at their own through and through freedom. There will be no under matured work in the industrial facilities or in any procedure of the activity. Legitimate adolescent specialists ought not be given errands that can put their wellbeing

Effect of Using Facebook as a Teaching Tool on 7th Grade ESL Students Essay

Impact of Using Facebook as a Teaching Tool on seventh Grade ESL Students Motivation - Essay Example One of the principle thoughts for understudy inspiration and contribution is the utilization of intuitive innovation. Smith (1997) has built up that utilization of innovation effectsly affects perusing and composing . Further, Mayher (1990) and Littlewood (2001) has additionally communicated that understudies must be given a feeling of direction and a feeling of support in learning. Then again, Childs (2009) has examined the advantages that Facebook can yields in language getting the hang of attributable to its simplicity and intuitive highlights. In this way, I intend to utilize Facebook as an instructing apparatus to expand inspiration and support of my seventh grade understudies. The reason for this Action Research study is to inspect the impacts of utilizing Facebook as an encouraging device on the inspiration level of my English class.This study will help me in growing away from of such a system which may assist my understudies with bettering partake in English perusing and comp osing tasks.... All these are away from of little inspiration to peruse and compose English. Then again, (Littlewood, 2001) have expressed that customary training strategies can't persuade Hong Kong ESL understudies to have higher investment and inspiration in perusing and composing English. Further, a few examinations show that in spite of an assortment of encouraging strategies including various media have been utilized in Hong Kong to Teach English as a subsequent language, transcendent instructing strategy is address( (Melanie and Warhurt, 2000). Roman-Perez (2003) have depicted that joining of intelligent innovation reflrcted positive effect over the inspiration level of the understudies for understanding English. Furthermore, I realize that the entirety of my understudies are utilizing Facebook to be in contact with one another. Further, in current Web 2.0 situation, Facebook has top positioning in SNSs (Kazeniac, 2009). In this manner I accept that utilizing Facebook as an encouraging instrum ent in an innovative manner can build inspiration and interest level of my ESL understudies. 4. Writing Review: In request to actualize my this thought of utilizing Facebook as a showing instrument, I set out on looking into pertinent writing from five measurements including inspiration to learn, inspiration to peruse and compose, inspiration to learn English among Hong Kong understudies, innovation and inspiration to peruse and compose, lastly ,utilizing Facebook as an instructing device. 4.1. Inspiration: Motivation is considered as a brief and energizer in all fields of life (Mangal, 2002). It might be characterized as the power that represents the incitement, determination, course, and continuation of certain conduct. Writings on human brain research and on training have widely talked about human inspiration and understudy inspiration in subtleties. Also, dominant part of the educationists

INTJ Personality Characteristics, Myths & Cognitive Functions

INTJ Personality Characteristics, Myths & Cognitive Functions Theories Personality Psychology Print INTJ: The Architect, (Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Judging) An Overview of the INTJ Personality Type By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on January 28, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on January 28, 2020 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Overview Intuitive-Thinking INTJ INTP ENTJ ENTP Intuitive-Feeling INFJ INFP ENFJ ENFP Sensing-Judging ISTJ ISFJ ESTJ ESFJ Sensing-Perceiving ISTP ISFP ESTP ESFP In This Article Table of Contents Expand Key INTJ Characteristics Cognitive Functions Personal Relationships Career Paths Tips for Interacting With INTJs View All INTJ (introverted, intuitive, thinking, and judging) is one of the 16 personality types identified by a personality assessment called the  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Sometimes referred to as the Architect, or the Strategist,  people with INTJ personalities are highly analytical, creative and logical.?? According to psychologist David Keirsey, developer of the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, approximately one to four percent of the population has an INTJ personality type. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell The MBTI is one of the most popular psychological assessments, but critics have argued that it lacks both validity  and  reliability.?? If you take the MBTI, be sure to use caution when considering the meaning of your results. You can learn more about the INTJ personality in this overview. However, this should not be interpreted as health, psychological, or professional career advice. Key INTJ Characteristics INTJs tend to be introverted and prefer to work alone.INTJs look at the big picture and like to focus on abstract information rather than concrete details.INTJs place greater emphasis on logic and objective information rather than subjective emotions.INTJs like their world to feel controlled and ordered so they prefer to make plans well in advance. Strengths Enjoys theoretical and abstract concepts High expectations Good at listening Takes criticism well Self-confident and hard-working Weaknesses Can be overly analytical and judgmental Very perfectionistic Dislikes talking about emotions Sometimes seems callous or insensitive Cognitive Functions The MBTI identifies preferences in four key dimensions: 1)  Extraversion  vs  Introversion, 2) Sensing vs Intuition, 3) Thinking vs Feeling and 4) Judging vs Perceiving. As you can tell by the four-letter acronym, INTJ stands for  Introverted,  Intuitive,  Thinking, and  Judging. Based upon psychoanalyst Carl Jungs theory of personality, the MBTI also utilizes what is known as a functional stack in order to understand each personality.?? Each of the four key functions is either inwardly facing (introverted) or outwardly facing (extroverted). For each personality type, these different cognitive functions combine and interact in a variety of ways. Each type possesses a dominant function that sets the tone for that specific personality type. In addition to this dominant function, auxiliary, tertiary, and inferior functions play supporting roles in making up the characteristics of an individuals personality. INTJs rely on four key cognitive functions:?? Dominant: Introverted Intuition INTJs use introverted intuition to look at patterns, meanings, and possibilities. Rather than simply looking at the concrete facts, they are more interested in what these facts mean.People with this personality type enjoy thinking about the future and exploring possibilities.When remembering events, they may recall impressions more than exact details of what occurred.INTJs are good at reading between the lines to figure out what things might really mean. Auxiliary: Extraverted Thinking As a secondary function in the INTJ personality, extroverted thinking leads people to seek order, control, and structure in the world around them.For this reason, INTJs can be very deliberate and methodical when approaching problems.People with this personality type tend to make decisions based on logic. They organize their thoughts in order to see cause-and-effect relationships. Tertiary: Introverted Feeling INTJs use introverted feeling but because it is a tertiary function, they do so to a lesser degree than they use the dominant and auxiliary functions.Those who develop this aspect of their personalities more fully pay greater attention to values and feelings when making decisions.As a result, they may also feel more drawn to people and activities that are well-aligned with their values. Inferior: Extraverted Sensing In INTJs, this tends to be the least developed of their cognitive functions, but it does still exert some influence.This function allows people to experience process information through their senses.When this function is in play, people may feel that they are living in the moment and are energized by the world around them. INTJs You Might Know Thomas Jefferson, U.S. PresidentC.S. Lewis, AuthorArnold Schwarzenegger, Actor PoliticianGandalf, The Lord of the RingsLance Armstrong, Cyclist Personal Relationships People with this personality type are introverted and  spend a lot of time in their own mind. INTJs work best by themselves and strongly prefer solitary work to group work.?? While they tend not to be particularly interested in other peoples thoughts and feelings, they do care about the emotions of the select group of people to whom they are close. In personal relationships, INTJs are willing to devote time and energy toward making these relationships successful. Other people often interpret INTJs as cool, aloof and disinterested, which can make forming new friendships challenging. People with this type of personality often see little value in social rituals and small talk, making it even more difficult to get to know them. They tend to be reserved and prefer to interact with a group of close family and friends. Career Paths When INTJs develop an interest in something, they strive to become as knowledgeable and skilled as they can in that area. They have  high expectations, and they hold themselves to the highest possible standards. INTJs are good at gathering information from the outside world, analyzing it and reaching new insights.People with this personality type tend to be very  analytical and logical. They value information, knowledge, and intelligence and make excellent scientists and mathematicians. They tend to do particularly well in fields that require efficiency and the ability to interpret complex information such as engineering, academia, law, and research.?? INTJs typically do well in careers that integrate their strong ability to understand and evaluate complex information with their ability to put this knowledge into practice. Careers that allow the INTJ to work independently and autonomously are also ideal. Popular INTJ Careers ScientistMathematicianEngineerDentistDoctorTeacherJudgeLawyer Tips for Interacting With INTJs Friendships INTJs tend to be solitary and self-sufficient, so establishing friendships can sometimes be difficult. Because people with this personality type tend to think so much of the future, they may avoid getting to know people because they believe that a long-term friendship will not work out. The good news is that while INTJs may not have a lot of friends, they do become very close and committed to those who persist. INTJs tend to prefer friends who are also introverted, rational, and low on emotional drama.?? Parenting INTJ parents tend to be thoughtful and attentive, yet they are typically not highly affectionate. They have high expectations for their kids and offer support by helping kids think logically when faced with decisions. Parents with this type of personality encourage their kids to be self-directed critical thinkers who are capable of solving problems on their own. If your child is an INTJ, focus on finding ways to encourage your childs intellectual strengths, but try to find a balance that avoid excessive perfectionism.?? You can also help your child develop their emotional strengths and look for ways to express their feelings. Relationships Because INTJs can be difficult to get to know, romantic relationships can sometimes falter. If your partner has this personality type, it is important to know that loyalty and understanding are important. Dont be afraid to show that you are dedicated to your INTJ partner, but also dont pressure them to spill their emotions. Communication is also critical. Rather than expecting your partner to pick up on your subtle cues, focus on being straight-forward or even blunt about what you expect.

Decision Making Is A Major Job Tasks For All Managers

Decision-making is a major job tasks for all managers. When making decisions that impact people’s everyday lives such as salary, vacation and job tasks the decision making process is even more important. Leaders must be strong willed and must have support of subordinates when making life-altering decisions (Maxwell, 2013). Being in education I deal with decisions being made about my job with out my input daily. The government constantly makes and alters decisions that affect my observations, curriculum and everyday job tasks. This type of decision-making is called autocratic decisions. Yuki (1990) states that autocratic decision-making is where the leader makes a decision without asking subordinates. However, autocratic decision-making is not the lone procedure when making decisions within an organization. Decisions procedures also consist of consultation and group decisions (Yuki, 1990). Throughout this paper we will be discussing the three decisions producers in relevance wi th the Alvis Corporation text. The first decision procedure is the autocratic decision. As stated earlier the autocratic decision is where the leader makes a decision without consulting his subordinates. When a leader makes an autocratic decision one must explain their decision to his subordinates and then sell it (Vroom, 2011). This is very critical to the process because if one cannot sell it and make their subordinates believe then it cannot be carried out (Vroom, 2011). An autocratic decision oftenShow MoreRelatedOrganization Structure And Design 11159 Words   |  5 Pagesto work together to accomplish all the tasks and achieve all the goals of an organization† Organizational Structure â€Å"The formal framework by which jobs tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated† Organizational structure is the skeleton of an organization. The organization structure of Mobilink represent well-organized system of control of operations and have very efficient administration who is continuously viewing who is performing the various functions and tasks of a company and how these peopleRead MoreManagement Approach For Managing An Organization1393 Words   |  6 Pagesmy organization takes to management is a hierarchical approach where the chain of command starts at the top and filters down. The lower down the chain of command goes the less power and decision making a person has. There are also more employees in the non-decision making positions vs. the executive decision making positions. For example, at the top there is one person who oversees the company known as the president. Below the president are two upper management positions. From these two positionsRead MoreJob Enrichment1539 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Based on a major study of High Performance Work Practices (HPWPs) in North America by Appelbaum et al. (2000) found that new forms of job design provided production line employees with the opportunity to contribute increased discretionary effort and to participate in workplace problem-solving. These researchers provided empirical evidence that conscious efforts by employers to increase employee discretion and job autonomy resulted in improved job satisfaction for employees and higherRead MoreDelegation in Business Organizations722 Words   |  3 Pagesauthority and responsibility to another person; normally from a manager to a subordinate to carry out specific activities. It is one of the core concepts of management leadership. The delegated person remains accountable for the outcome of the delegated work. But how important is delegation and what role it plays in the success of business organization ? Delegation empowers a subordinate to make decisions; it is a shift of decision-making authority from one organizational level to a lower one. 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An example of this can be Henry Ford assembly line model in which each worker had a job to buildRead MoreBusiness Marketing Management : Business Management1077 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Gross Ms. Jessica Madinger Comp 101 C 9 November 2015 Business Marketing Management Outline Business has several majors to seek, such as: Accounting, Economics, Administration, Marketing, International business, Entrepreneurship, and lastly Management. A business degree has many of opportunities. This paper is going to specifically focus on Management which you can get a minor in marketing, which would be called marketing management. Management has several classes to can take, and several

The External Environment Isis Essay - 1483 Words

Exogenous environment: ISIS remains as major threat that shakes stability of entire region, and furthermore, carry out numerous terror attacks in several European countries. In addition, mass shootings and numerous terror attacks on U.S soul have occurred. In addition, ISIS plans progressive and sequences of terror attacks on European and American continent simultaneously. In addition, situation becomes badly wrong if ISIS and Al Qaeda finally agreed its unification, furthermore it could become more serious than ever before. Thus, why has ISIS become so powerful than ever? There are number of reasons that incubate ISIS with mass muscular in the blink of an eye. For instance, reluctant action against ISIS from the regional nations, strong support to ISIS from some Muslim countries made ISIS more crazy, conflict of interest (Russia and Iran are committed to one side of USA) allowed ISIS having more freedom of everything /ISIS could buy time/, limited resources hindered for those who wa s willing to fight ISIS etc. Four. Recommended Portfolio of Strategies Based on distinct interests and probable scenarios in future environment, I propose feasible strategies for each of the environments in three portions such as core, basic, and hedging strategy. Core Strategy: U.S. will still have challenge to ensure its security of people and territories on its soil and abroad from both direct and indirect threats of ISIS, as long as ISIS is able to preserve its capacity and influence toShow MoreRelatedI Am Talking More Than Technology1459 Words   |  6 Pagesan entity labeled Isis in the middle east. This conflict rose from many variables. 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When a decision is to be made in private, there is less influence of the social and professional environments (Bommer et al., 1987). Social influence, contrary to some belief, can help to guide an individual into making goodRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Dns990 Words   |  4 Pagesnetworks would operate in a completely different way. Not having the ability to link IP addresses to names would greatly limit networks. Image trying to memorize external IPv4 addresses. Now image trying to memorize IPv6 addresses. DNS is used in many different ways, but the primary use is that of an addresses book to store names to external IP addresses. DNS works in that when you type www.csuci.edu into your web browser, it will search for an address that matches the name. Your browser will firstRead MoreTexas Health Presbyterian Denton Emergency Operations Plan1550 Words   |  7 Pagesand maximize the capacity of staff and health organizations (Safe hospitals and health facilities, 2015). 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Small Family Owned Business Free Essays

My assignment for the presentation on (small) family owned businesses was to research and share an organized piece on the international studies of the subject. After several days of searching the internet for appropriate studies, I had gathered enough data to put together a three part report. The three parts consisted first off of an intro, which I believed was enough to be considered its own part, just because of the extremely interesting point that family owned businesses are such a widespread commonality. We will write a custom essay sample on Small Family Owned Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second came the bulk of my research, the description of small family owned businesses under the laws of different countries, specifically those belonging to countries in Europe. Last but not least, I followed up with the importance of small family owned businesses’ impact on the overall economy of Europe, and how they applied. When you think of a small family owned business, you usually think of at least one local business you have known and have used your whole life whether a gas station, kebab imbiss, cafe, restaurant, or car dealership, etc. However, think about if everyone in the world named at least one such business. Many people would name the some of the same enterprises, but now you can imagine just how many small family owned businesses there are across the world. Because there are so many, not many reports exist that can contain the entire scope of every kind in every country, therefore, my report covers information regarding largely to european studies. Across Europe and in the United States, there is no widely accepted definition or legal description of a â€Å"family business†, however there are many criteria that if met by a small business, can be used to classify a business as such. Although each country has its own list of indicators, some countries use â€Å"common knowledge† to decide what constitutes a family business. This means that most countries simply use perception to differentiate a family business from a non-family business based on the interrelationship between family and enterprise that can obviously be observed like the active involvement of family members in the enterprise’s everyday activities. Few countries legal codes actually mention regulations in which small businesses are referred and partially defined, but can vary easily from each other such as the Austrian regional agricultural legislation stating â€Å"a family business defined as any autonomous economic entity regularly and sustainably providing for the farming family’s income† to the Italian Civil Code which describes family businesses as â€Å"enterprises in which members of the family unit work and have ownership. For most cases, instead looking for derelict, briefly mentioned bits of code referring to family business, a group of common â€Å"soft† and â€Å"hard† criteria has been identified(#3). Soft criteria includes: o family relations affect the assignment of the management o family indirectly runs the company o â€Å"major family influence/dominance† of the management (in terms of strategic decisions) o â€Å"significant proportion† of the enterprises’ senior management o â€Å"most important decision† made by the family o â€Å"family control† of the management of the enterprise at least 2 generations having had control over the enterprise Hard criteria includes more legitimate and quantifiable proof such as: o CEO has to be a family member o 1 family member is actively involved in the operative management of the company o More than 1 family member in the management o CEO and at least 1 management team member stems from the family o At le ast 2 directors/board members stem from the family o At least 3 board or staff members stem from the family o Majority of the management team stem from the family Or, in the case of Denmark, a family has control over the company: †¢ if it has 50 % of the shares, or †¢ if it has 50 % of the shares and a member of the family is the CEO In regards to impact on economy, although small family owned businesses seem like only a small part of the world economy, they actually make up quite a large percent of all enterprises. It is estimated that about 70-80% of businesses across Europe are family businesses, and of those, about 50% are small family owned businesses. Over all, small family owned businesses also contribute to about 40-50% of employment in Europe(#3). The following table(#3) shows elements of the definition of family business by country, gathered by several international studies on family business. What the previous table shows, is cross-national (European) minimum criteria for the ownership, control, or management of a company by a family according to FBN International 2007, Les Henokiens, European Group of Owner managed and Family Enterprises (GEEF), and PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP. 2007. Under FBN International 2007, and also according to the European Group of Owner managed and Family Enterprises, ownership is described as the direct or indirect majority of votes held by the founders, spouses, parents, children, heir, or persons having acquired the shares; control/management is described as at least one representative of family or kin present in the management. In contrast to those studies, Les Henokiens suggests that in order to hold ownership, a company must own the majority of shares for more than two hundred years; in regards to control/management the enterprise must be managed by a direct descendant of the founder. Another contrasting opinion to FBN International 2007 and the European Group of Owner managed and Family Enterprises, but perhaps not as extreme as Les Henokiens, is the study performed by PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP. 2007 which defines ownership as simply at least fifty-one percent of shares held by a family or related families, and control/management as a majority of the senior management team and the owners having a day to day responsibility for the management of the business. In conclusion, we can see that (small) family owned businesses are a huge contributing factor to the economy worldwide, but still remain a mostly ignored topic by most countries and their legal systems, which is interesting because one would think something so important would be more tightly regulated. I would like to thank my hard working group, and Ms. Fink for the opportunity to present this topic. Works Cited (I have numbered my sources to make identification easier within the report) 1. D, Jamie. â€Å"Running a Family Business Within the Law | SBA. ov. † Running a Family Business Within the Law | SBA. gov. U. S. Small Business Administration, 4 May 2010. Web. 5 May 2012. . 2. Elliott, Larry, and Julia Kollewe. â€Å"Germany’s Smaller Firms Emerge Intact from the Recession. † The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 15 Mar. 2011. Web. 5 May 2012. . 3. Mandl, Irene. â€Å"Overview of Family Business Relevant Issues. † Ec. europa. eu. European Commission, Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General, 2008. Web. 5 May 2012. . 4. Winslow, CJ. â€Å"Welcome to FoodTronix. † Welcome to FoodTronix. Web. 5 May 2012. . How to cite Small Family Owned Business, Essay examples

Small Family Owned Business Free Essays

My assignment for the presentation on (small) family owned businesses was to research and share an organized piece on the international studies of the subject. After several days of searching the internet for appropriate studies, I had gathered enough data to put together a three part report. The three parts consisted first off of an intro, which I believed was enough to be considered its own part, just because of the extremely interesting point that family owned businesses are such a widespread commonality. We will write a custom essay sample on Small Family Owned Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second came the bulk of my research, the description of small family owned businesses under the laws of different countries, specifically those belonging to countries in Europe. Last but not least, I followed up with the importance of small family owned businesses’ impact on the overall economy of Europe, and how they applied. When you think of a small family owned business, you usually think of at least one local business you have known and have used your whole life whether a gas station, kebab imbiss, cafe, restaurant, or car dealership, etc. However, think about if everyone in the world named at least one such business. Many people would name the some of the same enterprises, but now you can imagine just how many small family owned businesses there are across the world. Because there are so many, not many reports exist that can contain the entire scope of every kind in every country, therefore, my report covers information regarding largely to european studies. Across Europe and in the United States, there is no widely accepted definition or legal description of a â€Å"family business†, however there are many criteria that if met by a small business, can be used to classify a business as such. Although each country has its own list of indicators, some countries use â€Å"common knowledge† to decide what constitutes a family business. This means that most countries simply use perception to differentiate a family business from a non-family business based on the interrelationship between family and enterprise that can obviously be observed like the active involvement of family members in the enterprise’s everyday activities. Few countries legal codes actually mention regulations in which small businesses are referred and partially defined, but can vary easily from each other such as the Austrian regional agricultural legislation stating â€Å"a family business defined as any autonomous economic entity regularly and sustainably providing for the farming family’s income† to the Italian Civil Code which describes family businesses as â€Å"enterprises in which members of the family unit work and have ownership. For most cases, instead looking for derelict, briefly mentioned bits of code referring to family business, a group of common â€Å"soft† and â€Å"hard† criteria has been identified(#3). Soft criteria includes: o family relations affect the assignment of the management o family indirectly runs the company o â€Å"major family influence/dominance† of the management (in terms of strategic decisions) o â€Å"significant proportion† of the enterprises’ senior management o â€Å"most important decision† made by the family o â€Å"family control† of the management of the enterprise at least 2 generations having had control over the enterprise Hard criteria includes more legitimate and quantifiable proof such as: o CEO has to be a family member o 1 family member is actively involved in the operative management of the company o More than 1 family member in the management o CEO and at least 1 management team member stems from the family o At le ast 2 directors/board members stem from the family o At least 3 board or staff members stem from the family o Majority of the management team stem from the family Or, in the case of Denmark, a family has control over the company: †¢ if it has 50 % of the shares, or †¢ if it has 50 % of the shares and a member of the family is the CEO In regards to impact on economy, although small family owned businesses seem like only a small part of the world economy, they actually make up quite a large percent of all enterprises. It is estimated that about 70-80% of businesses across Europe are family businesses, and of those, about 50% are small family owned businesses. Over all, small family owned businesses also contribute to about 40-50% of employment in Europe(#3). The following table(#3) shows elements of the definition of family business by country, gathered by several international studies on family business. What the previous table shows, is cross-national (European) minimum criteria for the ownership, control, or management of a company by a family according to FBN International 2007, Les Henokiens, European Group of Owner managed and Family Enterprises (GEEF), and PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP. 2007. Under FBN International 2007, and also according to the European Group of Owner managed and Family Enterprises, ownership is described as the direct or indirect majority of votes held by the founders, spouses, parents, children, heir, or persons having acquired the shares; control/management is described as at least one representative of family or kin present in the management. In contrast to those studies, Les Henokiens suggests that in order to hold ownership, a company must own the majority of shares for more than two hundred years; in regards to control/management the enterprise must be managed by a direct descendant of the founder. Another contrasting opinion to FBN International 2007 and the European Group of Owner managed and Family Enterprises, but perhaps not as extreme as Les Henokiens, is the study performed by PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP. 2007 which defines ownership as simply at least fifty-one percent of shares held by a family or related families, and control/management as a majority of the senior management team and the owners having a day to day responsibility for the management of the business. In conclusion, we can see that (small) family owned businesses are a huge contributing factor to the economy worldwide, but still remain a mostly ignored topic by most countries and their legal systems, which is interesting because one would think something so important would be more tightly regulated. I would like to thank my hard working group, and Ms. Fink for the opportunity to present this topic. Works Cited (I have numbered my sources to make identification easier within the report) 1. D, Jamie. â€Å"Running a Family Business Within the Law | SBA. ov. † Running a Family Business Within the Law | SBA. gov. U. S. Small Business Administration, 4 May 2010. Web. 5 May 2012. . 2. Elliott, Larry, and Julia Kollewe. â€Å"Germany’s Smaller Firms Emerge Intact from the Recession. † The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 15 Mar. 2011. Web. 5 May 2012. . 3. Mandl, Irene. â€Å"Overview of Family Business Relevant Issues. † Ec. europa. eu. European Commission, Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General, 2008. Web. 5 May 2012. . 4. Winslow, CJ. â€Å"Welcome to FoodTronix. † Welcome to FoodTronix. Web. 5 May 2012. . How to cite Small Family Owned Business, Essay examples